Job 26:5
KJV
Dead things are formed from under the waters, and the inhabitants thereof.
The KJV's "dead things" translates the Hebrew Rephaim. Many modern translations render it "the dead" or "the departed spirits," who tremble in the waters beneath. The same word used for the giant clans also names the shades of the dead in the underworld.
A striking double meaning. Rephaim names both the living giant clans and the trembling dead beneath the waters. The overlap suggests the biblical writers saw a connection between the giants and the realm of the departed.
CKQ Commentary
C.K. Quarterman finds the double use of Rephaim significant rather than coincidental. The same word names the living giant clans and the shades of the dead who "tremble" beneath the waters in Job 26:5 and Isaiah 14:9. In the Watchers framework, that overlap is expected: the Nephilim dead were understood to become the disembodied spirits that trouble the living, so the word for the giants naturally doubled as a word for a particular class of the restless dead.
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