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Inanna, the ancient Sumerian "Queen of Heaven," was later syncretised as the Akkadian Ishtar, the Canaanite Astarte/Ashtart, and finally appeared in the Hebrew Bible as the deity Ashtoreth.

Rahab is both a Canaanite woman who aided Israelite spies in Jericho and a poetic biblical term for a proud, defeated power often interpreted as a sea monster or Egypt.

The divine council is the biblical assembly of heavenly beings that surround God’s throne, as described in passages such as Psalm 82, 1 Kings 22 and Daniel 7.

Ruin‑reconstruction, also called the gap theory, teaches that God created a perfect heaven and earth in Genesis 1:1, a catastrophe ruined it, and Genesis 1:2‑7 records a six‑day restoration of the ruined world.

The Anakim giants survived Joshua’s conquest, retreating to Gaza, Gath, and Ashdod, where later Aegean Greek settlers built the Philistine cities, linking biblical giants to Greek culture.