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A clan of giants dwelling in Canaan, descended from Anak, feared by the Israelite spies.
An ancient people of giant stature east of the Jordan, of whom King Og of Bashan was the last remnant.
Joshua cuts off the Anakim from the hill country, but the text carefully notes a remnant survived in three Philistine cities: Gaza, Gath, and Ashdod. Gath is the city Goliath later comes from.
This is one of the most significant demonological frameworks in Second Temple Judaism. The roaming spirits of dead Nephilim explain the origin of the demonic beings that Jesus and his disciples encountered and cast out throughout the Gospels.